Paying off student loans UK

Knowing how much you need to pay back can be complicated, as it depends on when you began studying. Although the idea of a big student loan you need to pay back appears daunting, repayments won’t impact you as much as you think they would.

Contents

• Paying back student loans
• How much you repay
• FAQs

The basics: Paying back student loans

Before you work out exactly how much you need to repay, you should know exactly what you need to repay. Not all student finance is the same and some types of support won’t need to be repaid.

Do you have to pay back student finance?

Yes, you have to pay back student finance, but only certain types of monetary support. You must repay student loans no matter which part of the UK you’re from. This includes both tuition fee loans and maintenance loans.

You will also have to continue making repayments overseas, so it doesn’t make a difference if you move abroad.

If you’ve taken out a Future Earnings Agreement or FEA, the terms of your repayment are clear in your initial agreement. This will typically be over a set, pre-agreed terms such as 60 repayments or the equivalent of five years.

You don’t have to replay bursaries, grants or scholarships you may have received, which is good news. How much you pay back though depends on a few things, like your income, and your Plan type which is based on what and when you started studying.

Do I have to pay back grants or scholarships?

No, you do not have to repay grants, scholarships, or bursaries. These are non-repayable types of student support given to help you while at university. You will only have to repay student loans.

However, some grants or bursaries may have spending criteria, meaning you would have had to spend the money in a certain way - for example on books or essential study equipment. If you can’t prove that you had, then you may have to repay the money.

How to pay back student finance?

You will automatically begin repaying your student loan after you’ve finished studying once your salary makes you eligible. For those with a Plan 2 loan in England or Wales (which covers students who started courses between 1 September 2012 and 31 July 2023) you will only start making repayments once your income exceeds £28,470 per year (for the 2025/26 tax year). Students who began their courses on or after 1 August 2023 are on the new Plan 5, which has a lower repayment threshold of £25,000 per year. Repayments for Plan 5 do not physically begin until 6 April 2026.

If you’re self-employed, you will need to go through Self-Assessment.

Which repayment plan am I on?

Your student loan repayment plan will determine the rate that you need to start paying back your loan. There are four different plans which depend on what type of loan you took out and when:

If you applied to Student Finance England

Plan 5

Plan 2

Plan 1

If you applied to Student Finance Wales

Plan 2

Plan 1

If you applied to Student Awards Agency Scotland

You're on Plan 4.

If you applied to Student Finance Northern Ireland

You're on Plan 1.

You may find that you are in more than one Plan, especially if you’ve completed both an undergraduate and postgraduate loan.

What is student loan interest?

Student loan interest depends on your plan type and your income. For those on Plan 1, Plan 4, and Plan 5, you will pay 3.2% interest (in line with RPI). Plan 2 interest starts at 3.2% and rises to a maximum of 6.2%, with the additional 3% applying if you're currently studying, or once your income exceeds £29,385 per year.

How much you repay

The monthly amount you repay depends on your plan type and income. It’s important to note early on that you will only begin repaying your loan after you’ve finished studying and once you’ve begun earning above the repayment threshold, which we’ll cover next.

How much student finance do I pay back?

The rate at which you pay back a student loan depends on your plan type and your income level. This means the more you earn, the more you pay back, so you won’t be at a disadvantage if you have a low income.

For Plans 1, 2, 4 or 5, you must repay 9% of your income over the monthly threshold, whereas those on a Postgraduate Loan repay 6% of your income over the monthly threshold.

The following table illustrates the monthly loan repayments for each plan, assuming annual income of £33,000 (£2,750 per month):

From April 2026, the Plan 2 threshold rises to £29,385 (monthly: £2,449).

Of these payments, part goes to pay interest and part goes to pay the principal. The interest you're charged depends on the plan.

How much do I pay if I’m in more than one Plan?

If you’ve completed both an undergraduate and postgraduate degree, it’s likely you’re on more than one plan. If you’re on, for example, a Plan 2 and a Postgraduate Loan then you’ll repay both rates at the same time.

For 2026/27, you will pay back 9% of the Plan 2 and 6% of the Postgraduate Loan for income over their respective thresholds. So if you earn £3,750 per month (£45,000 p/a), that's 9% over £2,449 for Plan 2 and 6% over £1,750 for the Postgraduate Loan. You would therefore make monthly repayments of £237 (£117 for Plan 2, and £120 for the Postgraduate Loan).

When do I have to start repaying student loan

You will have to start repaying student loans as soon as you begin earning over the monthly income threshold for your respective plan. This includes income from both self-employment and regular employment.

The write-off period depends on your plan. Plan 1, 2, and 4 loans are typically written off after 30 years (or 25 years for some older Plan 1 loans). However, the new Plan 5 loans have a much longer lifespan and are not wiped clean until 40 years have passed since you were first due to repay.

Making extra payments

If you choose to, you can make additional student finance repayments too. These additional and voluntary payments are on top of the monthly repayments which are compulsory (if earning above the Plan threshold), where you can decide whether to make payments to both Plans, or just pay down one.

Should I make extra student finance payments?

For UK students who have taken out a student loan, it may not be best to make additional payments.

Because Plan 5 loans have a lower interest rate (RPI only) but a much longer 40-year repayment window, graduates on this plan are statistically more likely to pay off their loan in full than those on Plan 2.

Plan 5 graduates may find that early repayments save them more in the long run by reducing the total interest accrued over four decades; while Plan 2 graduates whose debt is likely to be wiped after 30 years may be less likely to get a financial benefit from early repayments.

However, everyone’s situation is different and it may be in your interest to make extra student loan payments to avoid paying more in the future.

Getting a refund

If you’ve paid more on repayments than you should have, or you began making repayments before you’re actually eligible, you can ask for a refund on those payments from the Student Loans Company (SLC).

How much do I pay back with a Future Earnings Agreement?

For a Future Earnings Agreement, you pay back a fixed percentage of your salary over a certain threshold, for a pre-defined number of repayments. This will be based on your predicted future earnings.

Unlike a traditional student loan, interest is not added. Instead, the lower your earnings post-study, the less you pay back. Alternatively, the more you earn, the more you end up paying back. You could end up paying more for an FEA, if your post-study income is higher than expected. For example, you might have an agreement with the following terms:

on_current="true" FEA of £10,000 Minimum income threshold of £30,000 Repayment amounts of 10% of gross income over 5 years (once that income exceeds the minimum income threshold) Maximum repayment cap of £20,000 on_current="true"

A grad earning £30,000 would pay back £15,000 (5 years times 10% of £30,000) for their £10,000 loan.

A grad earning less than the minimum income threshold would not make payments until they make enough.

A grad earning £40,000 per year would pay back more: 5 years times 10% of £40,000 = £20,000 (which coincidentally is the maximum repayment cap on this example).

For university repayments, you will typically have a 24, 36 or 48 month repayment period (2, 3 or 4 years). This means you must make that many repayments, which also pauses if you stop earning any money. So, if you have a 24-month repayment plan and you take a three-month break after making 12 months' payment, you will still have 12 repayments left regardless of when you return to work.

FAQs

Do I pay back my student loan if I move abroad?

Yes, you will still make repayments if living abroad. You will pay exactly the same as if you were based in the UK. But there are some differences depending on your Plan and which country you’re living in abroad.

When do I start making repayments?

You will start making repayments after you’ve left university and once you’ve started earning above the monthly income threshold for your plan.

What if I drop out of university or college?

You still need to repay student finance if you drop out of university without intending to return. This won’t always be 100% of the amount you received, as this depends on when you leave and how many terms you have left for that academic year.

When are student loans written off?

Student loans are cancelled 30 years after you become eligible to repay if you are on Plan 1, 2, or 4. For those on Plan 5, the cancellation period is 40 years. Most loans are also cancelled if you receive a disability-related benefit that prevents you from working, or if you pass away.

Do repayments increase with the size of a loan?

No, student loan repayments are the same no matter how large the amount you borrowed is. For example, repayments on a £5,000 loan are the same as on a £50,000 loan, so long as you’re earning over the monthly Plan threshold.